Abstract Rice protein is a protein with high nutritional value and its essential amino acids are complete. Rice protein content is related to the Nutritional value of rice powder mixture. Three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and Partial least squares (PLS) was applied for Protein content in rice starch. Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy were obtained at 250-400 nm (excitation) and 260-750 nm (wave-length deviation). Firstly, data of Rice starch were collected using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy equipment and the protein content of samples were got by Dumas Nitrogen analyzer ; secondly, three improved PLS methods, including interval partial least squares (iPLS), backward interval partial least squares (biPLS) and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS),were used to find the most informative range. Lastly, models with better predictive turbidity of fragrance vinegar using PLS was established in the whole wavelength range .The results showed that the models by siPLS method, which separated the whole spectra into 10 intervals, and combine four intervals of [1 3 4 5]had the best predictive ability, the RMSECV and RMSEP were 0.1482 and 0.1696, and the calibration and prediction correlation coefficient were 0.8513 and 0.8236. Using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for rapid detection of Protein content in rice starch was feasible.

Abstract Osteoporosis (OP), a common systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass, increasing bone fragility and a high risk of fracture. At present, the clinical treatment of OP mainly involves anti-bone resorption drugs and anabolic agents for bone, but their long-term use can cause serious side effects. The development of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has provided a new approach to the clinical treatment of various diseases, even with a hope for cure. Recently, the therapeutic advantages of the therapy have been shown for a variety of orthopedic diseases. However, these stem cell-based researches are currently limited to animal models; the uncertainty regarding the post-transplantation fate of stem cells and their safety in recipients has largely restricted the development of human clinical trials. Nevertheless, the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoporotic mice has drawn a growing amount of intriguing attention from clinicians to its potential of applying the stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach to OP in the future clinic. In the current review, therefore, we explored the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human OP treatment.

Abstract Rapeseed is one of important oil crops in China. Better understanding of the regulation network of main agronomic traits of rapeseed could improve the yielding of rapeseed. In this study, we obtained an influrescence mutant that showed a fusion phenotype, similar with the Arabidopsis clavata-like phenotype, so we named the mutant as Bnclavata-like (Bnclv-like). Phenotype analysis illustrated that abnormal development of the inflorescence meristem (IM) led to the fused-inflorescence phenotype. At the stage of protein abundance, major regulators in metabolic processes, ROS metabolism, and cytoskeleton formation were seen to be altered in this mutant. These results not only revealed the relationship between biological processes and inflorescence meristem development, but also suggest bioengineering strategies for the improved breeding and production of Brassica napus.

Resumo Introdução: A lesão hepática por isquemia-reperfusão é um processo fisiopatológico comum em cirurgias hepáticas. Mais estudos ainda são necessários para avaliar se o propofol pode reduzir a lesão de isquemia-reperfusão miocárdica induzida pela lesão de isquemia-reperfusão hepática em ratos, juntamente com os mecanismos que estão relacionados. Objetivo: Investigar se propofol protege as células do miocárdio da apoptose com a lesão hepática por isquemia-reperfusão. Métodos: Ratos machos da raça Sprague-Dawley (n = 18) foram alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo Sham (Grupo S, n = 6), Grupo Lesão Hepática por Isquemia-reperfusão (Grupo IR, n = 6) e Grupo Propofol (Grupo P, n = 6). O Grupo S foi submetido apenas à laparotomia. O grupo IR foi submetido à isquemia por 30 min e reperfusão por 4 h. O grupo P foi submetido à mesma isquemia do grupo IR, com a administração de 120 mg.kg-1 de propofol iniciada 10min antes da isquemia, seguida de infusão contínua a 20 mg.kg-1.h-1. A apoptose celular foi examinada por meio do ensaio de marcação de terminações dUTP pela deoxinucleotidil transferase. Retículo endoplasmático Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) e caspase-3 do ácido aspártico contendo cisteína (caspase-3 clivada) foram avaliados com o ensaio western blot e reação em cadeia da polimerase. Resultados: A taxa de apoptose foi maior com mRNA e proteína de SERCA2 regulados para baixo e caspase-3 clivada suprarregulada no Grupo IR, em comparação com o Grupo S (p < 0,01). A taxa de apoptose foi menor com mRNA e proteína de SERCA2 suprarregulada e caspase-3 clivada sub-regulada no Grupo P, em comparação com o Grupo IR (p < 0,01). Conclusões: O propofol pode reduzir a apoptose de células miocárdicas induzida por lesão hepática por isquemia-reperfusão. Entretanto, pode suprarregular o mRNA e a proteína de SERCA2 em ratos.

Abstract Introduction: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological process in liver surgery. Whether Propofol can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, together with related mechanisms, still needs further studies. Objective: To investigate if propofol would protect the myocardial cells from apoptosis with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were randomly allocated into three groups: Sham Group (Group S, n = 6), Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Group (Group IR, n = 6) and Propofol Group (Group P, n = 6). Group S was only subjected to laparotomy. Group IR was attained by ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 4 h. Group P was subjected identical insult as in Group IR with the administration of propofol started 10 min before ischemia with 120 mg.kg−1, following by continuous infusion at 20 mg.kg−1.h−1. Cell apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) and cysteine-containing aspartic acid cleaved-caspase3 (cleaved-caspase3) were assayed by western blot and Altimeter polymerase chain reaction. Results: Apoptosis rate was increased, with mRNA and protein of SERCA2 down-regulated and cleaved-caspase3 up-regulated in Group IR compared with Group S (p < 0.01). Apoptosis rate was decreased, with mRNA and protein of SERCA2 up-regulated and cleaved-caspase3 down-regulated in Group P compared with Group IR (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Propofol can reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced myocardial cell apoptosis, meanwhile, can up-regulate mRNA and protein of SERCA2 in rats.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, especially in myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we determined the role and the possible underlying molecular mechanism of lncRNA-ROR in myocardial I/R injury. H9c2 cells and human cardiomyocytes (HCM) were subjected to either hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), I/R or normal conditions (normoxia). The expression levels of lncRNA-ROR were detected in serum of myocardial I/R injury patients, H9c2 cells, and HCM by qRT-PCR. Then, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were measured by kits. Cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-associated factors, and p38/MAPK pathway were examined by MTT, flow cytometry, and western blot assays. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by H2DCF-DA and MitoSOX Red probes with flow cytometry. NADPH oxidase activity and NOX2 protein levels were measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence and western blot. Results showed that lncRNA-ROR expression was increased in I/R patients and in H/R treatment of H9c2 cells and HCM. Moreover, lncRNA-ROR significantly promoted H/R-induced myocardial injury via stimulating release of LDH, MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX. Furthermore, lncRNA-ROR decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and regulated expression of apoptosis-associated factors. Additionally, lncRNA-ROR increased phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 expression and inhibition of p38/MAPK, and rescued lncRNA-ROR-induced cell injury in H9c2 cells and HCM. ROS production, NADPH oxidase activity, and NOX2 protein levels were promoted by lncRNA-ROR. These data suggested that lncRNA-ROR acted as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.

ABSTRACT LOB (lateral organ boundaries)-domain proteins define a family of plant-specific transcription factors involved in developmental process from embryogenesis to seed production. They play a crucial role in shaping the plant architecture through coordinating cell fate at meristem to organ boundaries. Identification of LBD genes from Brassica rapa genome, and analysis of phylogeny，gene structure, chromosome location, phylogenetic and tissue expression pattern analysis of LBD family genes in Chinese cabbage will be useful to the functions identification of plant LBD genes. Based on Brassica rapa genome database and bioinformatic method, Chinese cabbage LBD family genes were identified and the genes were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was created using the MEGA5 program. Gene structure and chromosomes location were done by MapDraw, GSDS and Clustal X. Expression pattern of LBD genes at different development stages was analyzed based on RNA-seq. A total of 62 LBD genes were identified and could be classified into two classes and four subclasses according to the gene structure and conserved domain phylogeny relationship. Distribution mapping showed that the predicted LBDs were unevenly localized on all the 10 chromosomes, suggesting that they have an extensive distribution on the Brassica rapa chromosomes. Most of the LBD genes had differential expression pattern and showed highly diverse tissue-specific expression and functional diversity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome wide analysis of the Brassica rapa LBD gene family, which would provide valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the gene family.

摘要 目的 评估抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）早期进行磺胺甲基异恶唑预防疗法是否降低中国艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染成年人的死亡率。 方法 我们使用中国国家免费抗逆转录病毒数据库的数据进行回顾性观察性队列研究。对14岁以上在2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日之间开始ART治疗并且基...

Résumé Objectif Évaluer si la prophylaxie par le cotrimoxazole administrée précocement au cours de la thérapie antirétrovirale (TAR) réduit la mortalité chez les adultes infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) en Chine. Méthodes Nous avons effectué une étude de cohorte par observation rétrospective en utilisant les données de la base de données antirétrovirale gratuite nationale chinoise. Les patients âgés de plus de 14 ans qui ont commencé une TAR entre le 1er janvier 2010 et le 31 décembre 2012 et qui avaient un nombre de lymphocytes T CD4+ (cellules CD4+) à la ligne de base inférieur à 200 cellules/µL, ont été suivis jusqu'à leur décès, jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient perdus de vue au suivi ou jusqu'au 31 ...

Резюме Цель Определить, приводит ли профилактика котримоксазолом на раннем этапе антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) к снижению смертности среди ВИЧ-инфицирова...

Objective To assess if cotrimoxazole prophylaxis administered early during antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces mortality in Chinese adults who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods We did a retrospective observational cohort study using data from the Chinese national free antiretroviral database. Patients older than 14 years who started ART between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 and had baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) count less than 200 cells/µL were followed until death, loss to follow-up or 31 December 2013. Hazard ratios (HRs) for several variables were calculated using multivariate analyses. Findings The analysis involved 23 816 HIV-infected patients, 2706 of whom died during the follow-up. Mortality in patients who did and did not start cotrimoxazole during the first 6 months of ART was 5.3 and 7.0 per 100 person–years, respectively. Cotrimoxazole was associated with a 37% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio, HR: 0.63; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.56–0.70). Cotrimoxazole in addition to ART reduced mortality significantly over follow-up lasting 6 months (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.59–0.73), 12 months (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.49–0.70), 18 months (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.38–0.63) and 24 months (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.48–0.90). The mortality reduction was evident in patients with baseline CD4+ cell counts less than 50 cells/µL (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.54–0.67), 50–99 cells/µL (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.56–0.78) and 100–199 cells/µL (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98). Conclusion Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis started early during ART reduced mortality and should be offered to HIV-infected patients in low- and middle-income countries.

ملخص الغرض تقييم ما إذا كانت الوقاية باستخدام الكوتريموكسازول في مرحلة مبكرة خلال العلاج بمضادات الفيروسات القهقرية يقلل معدل الوفيات بين البالغين المصابين ب...

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar si la profilaxis con cotrimoxazol en una etapa temprana de la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) reduce la mortalidad en adultos de origen chino infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo utilizando los datos de la base de datos nacional de China de antirretrovirales de uso gratuito. Por otro lado, se realizó un seguimiento a pacientes mayores de 14 años que iniciaron el tratamiento con TAR entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre de 2012 y con recuento basal de linfocitos T CD4+ (célula CD4+) inferior a 200 células/µl hasta su muerte, la pérdida de seguimiento o el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se calcularon los cocientes de riesgos (CR) para diversas variables mediante análisis multivariados. Resultados En el análisis participaron 23 816 pacientes infectados por el VIH, 2706 de los cuales fallecieron durante el seguimiento. La mortalidad entre los pacientes que iniciaron y no iniciaron el tratamiento con cotrimoxazol durante los primeros 6 meses de la TAR fue de 5,3 y 7,0 por 100 personas/años, respectivamente. Cotrimoxazol se asoció a una reducción del 37 % en la mortalidad (cociente de riesgos, CR: 0,63, intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 0,56 – 0,70). Además de la TAR, cotrimoxazol redujo la mortalidad considerablemente durante el seguimiento de 6 meses (CR: 0,65; IC del 95 %: 0,59 – 0,73), 12 meses (CR: 0,58; IC del 95 %: 0,49 – 0,70), 18 meses (CR: 0,49; IC del 95 %: 0,38 – 0,63) y 24 meses (CR: 0,66; IC del 95 %: 0,48 – 0,90). La reducción de la mortalidad resultó evidente en pacientes con recuento basal de células CD4+ inferior a 50 células/µl (CR: 0,60; IC del 95 %: 0,54 – 0,67), 50 – 99 células/µl (CR: 0,66; IC del 95 %: 0,56 – 0,78) y 100 – 199 células/µl (CR: 0,78; IC del 95 %: 0,62 – 0,98). Conclusión La profilaxis con cotrimoxazol iniciada en una etapa temprana de la TAR redujo la mortalidad y debe ofrecerse a los pacientes infectados por el VIH en países de ingresos bajos y medios.

Bone is a unique tissue which could regenerate completely after injury rather than heal itself with a scar. Compared with other tissues the difference is that, during bone repairing and regeneration, after the inflammatory phase the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited to the injury site and differentiate into either chondroblasts or osteoblasts precursors, leading to bone repairing and regeneration. Besides these two precursors, the MSCs can also differentiate into adipocyte precursors, skeletal muscle precursors and some other mesodermal cells. With this multiline-age potentiality, the MSCs are probably used to cure bone injury and other woundings in the near future. Here we will introduce the recent developments in understanding the mechanism of MSCs action in bone regeneration and repairing.